17 research outputs found
An ontology-based approach supporting holistic structural design with the consideration of safety, environmental impact and cost
Early stage decision-making for structural design critically influences the overall cost and environmental performance of buildings and infrastructure. However, the current approach often fails to consider the multi-perspectives of structural design, such as safety, environmental issues and cost in a comprehensive way. This paper presents a holistic approach based on knowledge processing (ontology) to facilitate a smarter decision-making process for early design stage by informing designers of the environmental impact and cost along with safety considerations. The approach can give a reasoning based quantitative understanding of how the design alternatives using different concrete materials can affect the ultimate overall performance. Embodied CO2 and cost are both considered along with safety criteria as indicative multi-perspectives to demonstrate the novelty of the approach. A case study of a concrete structural frame is used to explain how the proposed method can be used by structural designers when taking multi performance criteria into account. The major contribution of the paper lies on the creation of a holistic knowledge base which links through different knowledge across sectors to enable the structural engineer to come up with much more comprehensive decisions instead of individual single objective targeted delivery
Forest plot of vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer incidence.
<p>Legend to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069269#pone-0069269-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a>. M–H, Mantel-Haenszel; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; df, degrees of freedom.</p
Risk of bias summary.
<p>Legend to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069269#pone-0069269-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>. Reviewers’ judgment on each “Risk of bias” item within each included study.</p
Forest plot of vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer incidence.
<p>Administration mode on treatment effects. Legend to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069269#pone-0069269-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a>. M–H, Mantel-Haenszel; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; df, degrees of freedom.</p
Characteristics of the included Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs).
<p>Characteristics of the included Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs).</p
Kaplan-Meier curves of 2-years Overall Survival of patients with poor ECOG PS.
<p>Kaplan-Meier curves of 2-years Overall Survival of patients with poor ECOG PS.</p
OncoPrints showing the association between pWee1 and pChk1 in 37 cervical cancer samples.
<p>(A) Association according to staining intensity-based classification (positive vs negative). (B) Association according to Allred score classification (high vs low). (C) Association according to a multiplicative score classification (high vs low).</p
MOESM1 of Observational study of coagulation activation in early breast cancer: development of a prognostic model based on data from the real world setting
Additional file 1: Table S1. Multivariate analysis for disease-free survival in a subset of 62 breast cancer patients